This page explains what information architecture (IA) is, why it matters, and how to apply it to organize content so users can find what they need quickly and confidently.
What is information architecture?
Information architecture (IA) is the practice of organizing, labeling, and structuring content in websites, apps, and digital products to help users find, understand, and navigate information easily.
Why it matters
- Reduces user frustration and cognitive load
- Improves findability and navigation
- Supports accessibility and inclusive design
Key components of IA
| Component | What it means |
| Organization | How content is structured and grouped using patterns such as hierarchical, sequential, or matrix layouts that support sustainable growth. |
| Labeling | How information is named and presented so users can easily recognize and understand it. |
| Navigation | How users browse and move through content across pages and sections. |
| Search | How users locate information directly when browsing is not enough. |
How to apply IA
Step 1: Understand your content
Review your existing pages to understand what information you already have and what may be missing.
- List all current pages and key topics
- Identify duplicate, outdated, or unused content
- Note gaps where users might expect information but cannot find it
Step 3: Create clear labels
Use plain language that matches how users think and speak.
- Avoid internal jargon or acronyms
- Use short, descriptive phrases
- Make sure labels clearly describe what users will find
Step 2: Group related information
Organize content into logical groups that reflect how users look for information.
- Cluster similar topics together
- Remove or merge overlapping sections
- Group content based on user needs
Step 4: Test the structure
Validate your IA early to ensure users can find information without help.
- Run a quick card sort to see how users group content
- Use tree testing to check if users can locate key items
- Revise the structure based on real user behavior
Avoid common IA pitfalls
Watch out for common information architecture mistakes, and use this checklist to make sure your IA is effective:
Common issues
- Overloaded navigation menus
- Vague or internal jargon labels
- Deep nesting that hides content
- Inconsistent naming across pages
Quick checklist
- Can users find key content efficiently?
- Are labels clear without explanation?
- Does navigation reflect user tasks and priorities?
- Is similar content grouped consistently?
Need help?
The Center for User Experience can help with your design research and design strategy. Please reach out to us via email or book an office hours chat with one of our team members.